FORAMEN OVALE

1. Normal foramen ovale

2. Foramen ovale moves from left to right.
• Coarctation of the aorta.
• Aortic atresia.
• Critical aortic stenosis.
• Mitral atresia.
3. Absent flap of foramen ovale
4. Aneurysm of the inter-atrial septum (foramen ovale).
5. Redundant foraminal flap.
• In premature atrial contraction there may be a redundant foraminal flap that strikes the left atrial wall. This may be seen on both two-dimensional and M-mode images.