MITRAL STENOSIS

• Mitral leaflets do not move freely.
• Narrow mitral annulus.
• Small LV cavity.
• Aorta valve abnormal and narrow if no VSD present.
• If stenosis is severe, foramen ovale flap may be in right atrium (normally in left atrium).

Mitral atresia + hypoplastic LV and aortic atresia
= Hypoplastic left heart syndrome.