SONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC FUNCTION

 

DOPPLER ASSESSMENT

 

1.     Principles

2.     Measured parameters

3.     Normal values

4.     Doppler findings in growth retarded fetuses

5.     Doppler findings in congenital heart disease

6.     Doppler findings in fetal anemia

7.     Doppler findings in fetal non-immune hydrops

8.     Fetuses of Diabetic Mothers

9.     Discordant Twins

 

 

 

 

Systolic Function

LV ejection fraction:                                                                         Shortening fraction:

 

LVED – LVES / LVED X100 = 34% +/- 3%                                    end-diastolic dimension – end-systolic dimension divided 

  • No difference between LV and RV.                                       by end-diastolic dimension X100
  • No change with gestational age.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ventricular Diastole

LVED = Left ventricular end-diastole

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ventricular Systole

LVES – Left ventricular end-systole

Diastolic Function.

·        Venous flow patterns:

o       IVC / hepatic veins.

o       Ductus venosus.

o       Umbilical vein.

·        Inflow (mitral and tricuspid valves).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal waveform in the umbilical vein

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abnormal waveform in the umbilical vein - notching

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal waveform in the inferior vena cava

 

 

 

 

 

 

Normal waveform in the ductus venosus

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abnormal waveform in the ductus venosus – reversal of the A wave.