SYNOTIA

• In synotia the oral cavity is rudimentary and the ears approach the midline below the mouth (this approximates the extreme embryonic position of the pinna).
• The definitive position of the pinna depends on a relative upward migration during development of the mandible and facial structures. In cases in which there is a poorly formed or no mandible, upward migration of the pinna may be retarded.
• Synotia has been described in monosymmetric cephalothoracopagus.

MELOTIA (OTOCEPHALY)

• Pinna is situated on the cheek and the lobule may be located at the angle of the mouth.
• May represent lack of aural ascent due to under development of the auricle. There is also embryological evidence that melotia represents a large prearicular appendage (1).
• The external auditory meatus may / may not be affected.

REFERENCES

1. Otto HD. Pathogenesis of the preauricular appendage, melotia and poliotia. Arch Otorhinolaryngeal 1979;225:45-56.