CLEFT LIP AND / OR PALATE

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is the most common congenital anomaly involving the face. There is a marked racial and geographic variability (American Indians = 3.6/1000; Asians = 1.5-2.0/1000; Blacks 0.5/1000) (1).

• 80% of infants with cleft lip also have cleft palate.
• Cleft lip and palate is etiologically distinct from cleft palate alone.

COMPARISON BETWEEN CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

Link to comparison between cleft lip and palate and cleft palate alone

CLASSIFICATION

Link to Classification

ETIOLOGY

Link to Etiology

ULTRASOUND

Link to Ultrasound

ASSOCIATED SYNDROMES

1. Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.
2. Kniest dysplasia.
3. Diastrophic dysplasia.
4. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
5. Campomelic syndrome.
6. Jarcho-Levin syndrome.
7. Ellis-van-Creveld syndrome.
8. Short rib-polydactyly syndrome type II.
9. Metatrophic dysplasia.
10. Dyssegmental dysplasia.
11. Otopalatodigital syndrome type II.
12. Robert's syndrome.
13. Larsen's syndrome.

Berge et.al. (2001) (1) reported in his series of 70 cases that none of the fetuses with isolated cleft lip had additional anomalies, and all survived. The frequency of additional anomalies and the mortality rate in this selected population varied with the type of cleft. Associated anomalies were more frequent with bilateral clefts (72%) than those with unilateral clefts (48%).

REFERENCES

1. Berge SJ, Plath H, Van de Vondel PT et.al. fetal cleft lip and palate: sonographic diagnosis, chromosomal abnormalities, associated anomalies and postnatal outcome in 70 fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:422-431.