NORMAL ENDOCARDIUM

NORMAL MYOCARDIUM

NORMAL PERICARDIUM

• Myocardium.

• Normal thickness and echogenicity. The thickness of the ventricular walls is approximately equal, with the septum slightly thicker than either one.

• Usually inseparable.
• A small amount of pericardial fluid (<2mm) may be normal.

• Normal myocardium is hypoechogenic and may look like a small pericardial effusion. The absence of color flow in the pericardial space will help differentiate normal pericardium from a small effusion.

• Assessment of myocardial contractility is subjective and based on real time observations of the speed and vigor of ventricular wall motion.
• Measurements
• Ventricular shortening time.
• Ventricular ejection time.