CLENCHED HANDS

 

 

ETIOLOGY

 

  1. Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
  2. Neu-Laxova syndrome.
  3. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome.
  4. Pena Shokeir syndrome.
  5. Arthrogryposis.
  6. Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.
  7. Chromosomal abnormalities:

 

 

HAND ABNORMALITIES IN TRISOMY 18



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clenched hand – normal fetus

Trisomy 18 – clenched hand with overlapping digits

 

 

 

The classical hand abnormalities in trisomy 18 are:

  1. Clenched hand (usually both hands are persistently clenched).
  2. With or without overlapping of the middle finger by the index finger.
  3. With or without overlapping of the fourth finger by the fifth finger.

 

Clenched fist

Clenched hand with second digit overlapping third and fourth digits

Shortened first digit which originates more proximal than expected

Fixed flexion deformity at the elbow

 

 

REFERENCES
  1. Twining P, Zuccollo J. The ultrasound markers of chromosome disease: A retrospective study. Br J Radiol 1993;66:408-414.
  2. Nyberg DA, Kramer D, Resta RG et.al. Prenatal sonographic findings of trisomy 18. J Ultrasound Med 1993;2:103-113.
  3. Nicolaides KH, Snijders RJ, Godsden CM et.al. Ultrasonographically detectable markers of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Lancet 1992;340:704-707.