SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH

CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES

1. Apert Syndrome (acrocephalisyndactyly type I).
2. Carpenter Syndrome
3. Crouzon's Syndrome
4. Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly type III).
5. Pfeiffer Syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly type V).
6. Antley-Bixler syndrome.

SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH

OTOCRANIOFACIAL SYNDROMES

1. Treacher Collins Syndrome
2. Nager Acrofacial Dysostosis
3. Hallermann-Streiff-Francois (Oculomandibulofacial) Syndrome.
4. Goldenhar-Gorlin Syndrome

Syndrome	Involved sutures	Cranial deformities	Other abnormalities
Apert	Coronal Sagittal, Lambdoid	Brachycephaly, Oxycephaly, Midface hypoplasia, Hypertelorism, Prominent forehead	Syndactyly (hands and feet symmetrically), “mitten like” hand, broad thumb and big toe. Occasionally mental retardation.
Crouzon	Coronal, Sagittal	Brachycephaly, oxycephaly, Midface hypoplasia, Exophthalmos, Hypertelorism, Short upper lip. Mandibular prognathism	Normal limbs No mental retardation
Pfeiffer	Coronal, Sagittal	Barchycephaly, Cloverleaf skull	Polysyndactyly , Abducted thumb, No mental retardation
Saethe-Chotzen	One or two Coronal sutures	Plagiocephaly, Brachycephaly, Flat facies, High forehead, Ear abnormalities	Polysyndactyly (hands + feet), Coarse hands (hypoplastic distal phalanx), No mental retardation.
Antley-Bixler	Coronal	Brachycephaly, Midface hypoplasia, Frontal bossing	Radiohumeral synostosis, Multiple joint contractures, Mental retardation
Jackson-Weiss	Coronal, Sagittal	Oxycephaly, Brachycephaly, Midface hypoplasia	Enlarged big toes, Syndactyly of second + third toes, Normal intelligence